Investing and crypto guides

Plain-language explainers on how crypto, stocks and markets work. No hype, no jargon, and every guide says what it cannot tell you.

InvestingWhat Is a Bear Market and How Long Does It Last: S&P 500 and Bitcoin HistoryWhat a bear market is, how it differs from a correction, how deep and how long the bear markets of the S&P 500 since 1970 and of Bitcoin were, how long the return to the high took and how to approach declines.Read CryptoWhat Is DeFi (Decentralized Finance): How It Works, Examples and RisksWhat DeFi is, how decentralized exchanges and loans work, what liquidity and a pool are, examples such as Uniswap and Aave, and the risks including smart contracts, losses and taxes.Read CryptoWhat Are Stablecoins (USDT, USDC): How They Work, What They Are For and the RisksWhat stablecoins are, how they hold a stable price, the difference between USDT and USDC, what they are used for, what the risks are (loss of the peg, the issuer) and how they are regulated in the EU.Read CryptoBitcoin vs Ethereum: How They Differ and Which Suits YouBitcoin compared with Ethereum: purpose, technology, coin supply, fees, risks and the role in a portfolio. Who each is suited for and how to follow their prices.Read CryptoWhat Is a Blockchain and How Does It Work: A Simple Explanation for BeginnersWhat a blockchain is, how a chain of blocks works, what mining and proof of stake are, what it is used for besides cryptocurrencies and what its limits are. A clear introduction.Read InvestingHow to Read a Stock Chart: Candlesticks, Trend, Support and Resistance for BeginnersHow to read the price chart of a stock or cryptocurrency: the candlestick chart, trend, support and resistance, volume and timeframes. What technical analysis can and cannot do.Read InvestingWhat Is Forex and How Does Currency Trading Work: An Introduction for BeginnersWhat forex is, how currency pairs are traded, what a pip, a spread and leverage are, who sets the rates and what the risks of currency trading are.Read InvestingWhat Is CFD Trading and Why Is It So Risky for BeginnersWhat CFDs (contracts for difference) are, how they work with leverage, what the fees and risks are, why most small traders lose money and what the alternatives are for long-term investing.Read InvestingPortfolio Diversification: How to Spread Risk Across Stocks, ETFs and Other AssetsWhat diversification is, why not to put everything into one investment, how to spread a portfolio across regions, sectors and asset types and how to do it with one or two ETFs.Read InvestingWhat Is the P/E Ratio (Price to Earnings): How to Value a Stock and What to WatchWhat the P/E ratio means, how it is calculated, how to read it, when it is high and when low and why it cannot be used alone. Examples and other stock valuation measures.Read InvestingCompound Interest: How It Works and Why It Matters So Much in InvestingWhat compound interest is, what it looks like in examples ($100,000, $5,000 a month), why time and regularity decide and how fees and inflation affect the result.Read CryptoHow to Spot a Crypto Scam: Warning Signs and How to Protect YourselfHow to recognise cryptocurrency scams: promises of guaranteed returns, fake exchanges, phishing, requests for a seed phrase, romance scams and what to do if it happens.Read CryptoTrezor vs Ledger: Which Hardware Wallet to ChooseTrezor and Ledger compared: security, usability, supported coins, price, origin and who each is for. How to secure cryptocurrency in your own wallet.Read CryptoWhat Is Crypto Staking: How It Works, What the Returns Are and the RisksWhat staking is, how proof of stake works, where to stake, why returns fluctuate and what the risks are (lock-up, slashing, the platform), plus a note on taxes.Read CryptoWhat Is the Bitcoin Halving and How Does It Work: When Is the Next OneWhat the Bitcoin halving is, how often it happens, how much the block reward falls, why it matters for supply and what cannot be predicted. A simple explanation.Read InvestingWhat Warren Buffett Buys and How to Read Famous Investors' Portfolios (13F)How to find out what Warren Buffett and other famous investors hold: what Form 13F is, when it is published, what it shows and what its limits are.Read InvestingWhat Is an ETF and How Does It Work: A Simple Explanation for BeginnersWhat an ETF is, how it works, its advantages and risks, how it differs from a stock and a mutual fund, and how to pick a first ETF. A clear introduction for beginners.Read CryptoSolana: What It Is and How It Differs from EthereumWhat Solana is, how it works, why its fees are low and what the risks are. A comparison with Ethereum for beginners.Read